在ACCA考試中，折扣知識(shí)點(diǎn)可是FA科目非常重要的一個(gè)內(nèi)容，本文會(huì)通過例題的形式幫助大家理解和掌握discount的會(huì)計(jì)處理和計(jì)算。
01、Definitions
Trade discount(商業(yè)折扣)
A trade discount is a reduction in the list price. It is often given in return for bulk purchase order.
在采購或者是銷售的時(shí)候就已經(jīng)確定了是否會(huì)使用折扣
Settlement discount (現(xiàn)金折扣)
A settlement discount (cash discount) is a reduction of in the amount payable. It is often given in return for earlier payment.
在采購或者是銷售發(fā)生的時(shí)候是不確定的，在付款日才確定是否會(huì)使用折扣。
02、Accounting for discount
Trade discount 商業(yè)折扣
Trade discounts allowed should be deducted from the sales price.：直接在采購或者銷售的時(shí)候就減去
Purchase站在采購方的角度
Golden purchases goods on credit from Supplier A at a gross cost of $100, and receives a trade discount of 5%.
Dr Purchase 95 (100-100*5%)
Cr Payable 95 (100-100*5%)
Sale 站在銷售方的角度
Golden purchases goods on credit from Customer B at a gross cost of $100, and offer a trade discount of 5%.
Dr Receivables 95 (100-100*5%)
Cr Sales 95 (100-100*5%)
cash discount 現(xiàn)金折扣
現(xiàn)金折扣的處理分為discount received和 discount allowed：
For buyer (discount received)：
At transaction date, record full invoiced amount. If subsequently take the discount, then the discount received is recorded as an income.
站在采購方的角度，如果后續(xù)使用了現(xiàn)金折扣，那么就記錄一個(gè)收入discount received。
For seller (discount allowed)：
If a customer is expected to take up a cash/settlement discount, the discount is deducted from sales revenue. If the customer subsequently does not take up the discount, the discount is then recorded as sales revenue.
站在買方的角度，處理較為復(fù)雜;首先在發(fā)生銷售時(shí)，如果企業(yè)預(yù)計(jì)客戶會(huì)接受現(xiàn)金折扣)，則在記錄銷售時(shí)應(yīng)確認(rèn)收入減去此折扣。
If the customer is not expected to take up the discount, the full invoiced amount is recognized as revenue when recording the sale.
如果在發(fā)生銷售的時(shí)候，預(yù)計(jì)客戶不會(huì)使用現(xiàn)金折扣，那么就記錄銷售的時(shí)候就按照實(shí)際銷售的金額全額記錄。
If the customer subsequently does take up the discount, revenue is then reduced by the discount.
如果客戶后續(xù)使用了這個(gè)折扣，那么就要調(diào)整收入，從收入中將折扣減去。
看定義對于同學(xué)們來說，還是非常容易混淆，所以接下來我們會(huì)通過一道例題，給大家展示不同情況下的會(huì)計(jì)處理和計(jì)算。
03、例題
接下來我們會(huì)分別展示站在銷售方A，和站在采購方B兩個(gè)不同的角度應(yīng)該如何做會(huì)計(jì)處理：
Accounting for customer B：discount received
1. At 1 July 20×6. Initially record the purchase as follows 記錄采購：
Dr Purchases 2000
Cr Payable 2000
2. If subsequently take the discount(paid before 14 July 20×6)如果使用了現(xiàn)金折扣：
Dr Payable 2000
Cr Cash 1920 (2000-2000*4%)
Cr Discount received 80 (income) (2000*4%=80)
3、If subsequently not take (paid after 14 July 20×6)如果后續(xù)沒有使用現(xiàn)金折扣：
Dr Payable 2000
Cr Cash 2000
Accounting for supplier A：discount allowed
情景一：
1. At 1 July 20×6. If A expected the customer B will take the advantage of the early settlement discount銷售的時(shí)候預(yù)計(jì)客戶會(huì)使用現(xiàn)金折扣：
Dr Receivable 1920 (2000-2000*4%)
Cr Sales 1920
2. If subsequently take the discount (paid before 14 July 20×6)如果客戶后續(xù)確實(shí)使用了現(xiàn)金折扣
Dr Cash 1920
Cr Receivable 1920
3. If subsequently not take (paid after 14 July 20×6)如果后續(xù)客戶沒有使用現(xiàn)金折扣，這時(shí)候要調(diào)整我們之前記錄的銷售，之前認(rèn)為銷售的金額是減去了折扣的，所以現(xiàn)在要調(diào)增：
Dr Cash 2000
Cr Receivable 1920
Cr Sales 80
情景二：
1. At 1 July 20×6. If A expected the customer B will NOT take the advantage of the early settlement discount 銷售的時(shí)候預(yù)計(jì)客戶不會(huì)使用折扣：
Dr Receivable 2000
Cr Sales 2000
2. If subsequently take the discount (paid before 14 July 20×6) 如果后續(xù)客戶使用了這個(gè)折扣，調(diào)整之前確認(rèn)的銷售：
Dr Cash 1920
Dr Sale 80
Cr receivable 2000
3. If subsequently not take (paid after 14 July 20×6) 如果后續(xù)客戶沒有使用這個(gè)折扣：
Dr Cash 2000
Cr Receivable 2000