?sidetracked
sidetracked發(fā)音
['saidtræk]
英: 美:
sidetracked中文意思翻譯
n.使變換話題,駛?cè)雮?cè)線
v.使降至次要地位,緩議,轉(zhuǎn)換話題
sidetracked詞形變化
動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù): sidetracks |動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞: sidetracking |動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞: sidetracked |動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式: sidetracked |
sidetracked常見(jiàn)例句
1 、Hey,I'm sorry I didn't have time to buy your book.You kown,there was a sale going on at the CD store.I got sidetracked.───嘿,我很抱歉,我沒(méi)時(shí)間給你買(mǎi)書(shū).你知道嗎?書(shū)店正在出售打折的CD,我就不給你買(mǎi)書(shū)的事給忘了.
2 、Keywords multilateral well;well structure;sidetrack;well trajectory;Ansai Oilfield;───多分支井;井身結(jié)構(gòu);側(cè)鉆;井眼軌跡;安塞油田;
3 、Trial production and industrial sidetrack test of the XH-1 type of potassium-free sulfur-tolerant shift catalyst───XH-1型無(wú)鉀耐硫變換催化劑的試生產(chǎn)與工業(yè)側(cè)線試驗(yàn)
4 、The children were sidetracked by the television and didn't do their homework.───孩子們被電視吸引過(guò)去,不做功課了。
5 、I was sidetracked from my work by an unexpected visitor.───不速之客的來(lái)訪使我撂下工作
6 、Keywords oriented well;case overshot;sidetrack drilling;slim-bore hole;excavation potential for old well;───定向井;套管開(kāi)窗;側(cè)鉆;小井眼井;老井挖潛;
7 、A comprehensive evaluation model for drilling of sidetrack horizontal well and its application───側(cè)鉆水平井鉆井綜合評(píng)價(jià)模型及其應(yīng)用
8 、If we don’t plan this meeting properly, we’ll get sidetracked into discussing unimportant issues.───倘若我們計(jì)劃不好這一會(huì)議,就會(huì)使討論扯到枝節(jié)問(wèn)題上去了。
9 、Keywords Emusifying Drilling Fluid;Polymer Mud;Free-bentonite Mud;Brine Drilling Fluid;Drilling Horizontal Well;Sidetrack;───乳化鉆井液;聚合物鉆井液;無(wú)粘土泥漿;鹽水鉆井液;水平鉆井;側(cè)鉆;
10 、It did use to be its own country, but don't get me sidetracked.─── 它雖然曾經(jīng)是獨(dú)立國(guó)家 但別跑偏了
11 、No, we think you just got sidetracked.─── 不 我們認(rèn)為你是轉(zhuǎn)變了性取向
12 、Observing roadside manners, the car sidetracked into a ditch.───兩車(chē)相遇,禮貌太周到,閃一旁讓路,讓進(jìn)溝里了。
13 、Sidetrack drilling well has become a new technology in recent years,by which the rejected and low efficiency wells can be transformed and resume their productivity.───側(cè)鉆井是近年來(lái)發(fā)展起來(lái)的新工藝,利用側(cè)鉆新工藝可以對(duì)原來(lái)的報(bào)廢井和低效井進(jìn)行改造,使之恢復(fù)生產(chǎn)能力。
14 、And the second level branch was then sidetrack drilled through the suspension open hole in the first lateral well.───在斜向器回收未成功的情況下,采用繞障鉆通主導(dǎo)眼實(shí)現(xiàn)壓力連通。
15 、The technology of sidetrack horizontal drilling is a new type of oilfield development technology.───側(cè)鉆水平井技術(shù)是一項(xiàng)新型的油田開(kāi)發(fā)技術(shù),但是,側(cè)鉆水平井能否獲得好的效益,關(guān)鍵是井位篩選。
16 、a bill that would sidetrack food irradiation in this country(Alexis Beck)───一份將阻礙該國(guó)食品發(fā)展的提案(阿列克塞 貝克)
17 、Keywords high -inclination;sidetrack drilling;horizontal well;MWD;───大斜度;側(cè)鉆;水平井;
18 、Many times important i ues can get sidetracked in a meeting, e ecially when everyone has a different opinion about the topic.───往往許多重大問(wèn)題在會(huì)議上容易離題,特別是當(dāng)每位與會(huì)者對(duì)問(wèn)題意見(jiàn)不同時(shí)。
19 、While the talented and lucky few are successful, most are sidetracked (2) by the hustle and bustle (3) of the city, its bright lights, and that indelible (4) Yankee (5) attitude.───伴隨他們的是這座城市的忙碌與喧囂,霓虹的閃爍以及根深蒂固的美國(guó)式的傲慢態(tài)度。
20 、sidetrack horizontal well───側(cè)鉆水平井
21 、Window Opening and Sidetrack Drilling───開(kāi)窗側(cè)鉆
22 、Keywords Sidetracked well;Reservoir;Formation damage;Mathematical model;Physical model;Unsteady state flow;Boundary element migration;Typical curve;───側(cè)眼井;儲(chǔ)集層;地層傷害;數(shù)學(xué)模型;物理模型;不穩(wěn)定流動(dòng);邊界元偏移;典型曲線;
23 、Keywords sidetrack horizontal well drilling;fuzzy;analytical hierarchic process;evaluated model;drill standard;───側(cè)鉆水平井;模糊性;層次分析;評(píng)價(jià)模型;鉆井指標(biāo);
24 、critical sidetrack───臨界走向
25 、Even the best model can be sidetracked by false premises.───即使是最好的模型,也可以因?yàn)殄e(cuò)誤的前提而誤入歧途。
26 、He must be farsighted, must persevere in what he believes in and not be sidetracked by temporary setbacks.───加上對(duì)理想的堅(jiān)持,遠(yuǎn)慮深謀,不輕易因眼前的波折而有所迷失;
27 、But I was pursuing another story before your situation sidetracked me.─── 但就在你的情況轉(zhuǎn)移我的視線之前 我在追蹤另一個(gè)新聞
28 、Horizontal well,extended reach well,and sidetrack well have been widely drilled in recent years,logging in these kinds of wells with normal logging tools become difficult and impossible.───為了提高勘探開(kāi)發(fā)的綜合效益,近年來(lái)我國(guó)油田采用一些水平井、大斜度定向井、老井開(kāi)窗大斜度定向側(cè)鉆井等,測(cè)井面臨如何作業(yè)的新問(wèn)題。
29 、Unfortunately they are sidetracked by a village celebrating a mysterious festival to their mountain spirit.───不幸的是,他們又誤入了一個(gè)村莊,而這里正在慶祝著一個(gè)神秘的山神節(jié)。
30 、He sidetracked to enliven the atmosphere.───他換了個(gè)話題來(lái)活躍一下氣氛。
31 、You deserve to have your life back after being sidetracked.─── 回歸正道 重回正常生活是你應(yīng)得的
32 、Keywords slim hole;sidetrack;short radius;horizontal well;drilling;───小井眼;側(cè)鉆;短半徑;水平井;鉆井;
33 、It's difficult to sidetrack in the deep well in salt bed,especially the creeping of the gypsum-salt bed,hole diameter reduction and collapsion etc.are the biggest barriers for sidetrack drilling.───在深井鹽層中進(jìn)行側(cè)鉆困難較大,膏鹽層的蠕動(dòng)、縮徑、垮塌等不穩(wěn)定性是側(cè)鉆的最大障礙。
34 、Oriented case overshot for sidetrack drilling tech is a main component in down hole work-over operation.───定向套管開(kāi)窗側(cè)鉆技術(shù)已成為井下大修作業(yè)的重要組成部分。
35 、Do not be opportunistic and get sidetracked by more money only to lose your true sense direction.───不要存在機(jī)會(huì)主義想法,也不要被金錢(qián)誘入歧途而最終迷失了你自己的方向。
36 、Analysis on the key dynamic problems of the drill string in sidetracked horizontal well───側(cè)鉆水平井鉆柱動(dòng)力學(xué)幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題研究
37 、thimble casing windows and sidetrack drilling is an new effective drilling measure in improving the oil recovery ratio by using reject well hole to dredge up the oilfield potential thoroughly.───套管開(kāi)窗側(cè)鉆[1]是一種有效利用油田事故老井眼,深入挖掘油藏開(kāi)發(fā)潛力,進(jìn)一步提高采收率的行之有效的新型鉆井技術(shù)。
38 、Slim Hole Sidetrack Horizontal Well Drilling Technique───小井眼側(cè)鉆水平井技術(shù)的應(yīng)用
39 、Developed step by step, the technology of sidetrack drilling horizontal well in slim-hole is relatively mature, whole it's fist time to apply it in Dagang oilfield.───小井眼側(cè)鉆水平井技術(shù)經(jīng)過(guò)不斷的完善已基本成熟,但在大港油區(qū)內(nèi)應(yīng)用屬首次。
40 、” Christopher Columbus set out to prove what he believed to be true, and after he set forth for India, he was sidetracked .───哥倫布出發(fā)了去證實(shí)他的想法是正確的。
41 、The steady development of China’s sock market requires that we should not get sidetracked.───下面的漢譯英句子可用“sidetracked”: 中國(guó)股市穩(wěn)健發(fā)展需要不折騰。
42 、Casing Window and Sidetrack Drilling Technology───套管開(kāi)窗側(cè)鉆工藝研究
43 、Fearsabout China in space should not sidetrack people.This isn’t theCold War of U.───人們不該總是糾纏在中國(guó)太空技術(shù)所引發(fā)的恐懼上。
44 、But too many people are easily sidetracked by the laundry, their kids, a quick errand.───但是有很多人會(huì)因?yàn)橄匆路⒑⒆雍屯话l(fā)狀況不能集中精神。
45 、" Life becomes a biological procession and the very question of immortality is sidetracked.───人生變成一種生物學(xué)的程序,而永生的問(wèn)題是被擱置在一邊了。
46 、a bill that would sidetrack food irradiation in this country(bAlexis Beck)───一份將阻礙該國(guó)食品發(fā)展的提案(b阿列克塞 貝克)
47 、But then you finished the book (or got sidetracked and didn’t finish it), and the impact of the book gradually faded.───但后來(lái)你看完了(或是被別的事分了心沒(méi)有看完),書(shū)籍的沖擊力便漸漸消失。
48 、Keywords Talimu Basin deep drilling drilling accident sidetracked hottom hole assembly drilling parameter;───塔里木盆地;深井鉆井;鉆井事故;側(cè)鉆;鉆具組合;鉆井參數(shù);
49 、Well Path Control Technique of Sidetrack Drilling Dual Branch Horizontal Well───側(cè)鉆雙分支水平井井眼軌跡控制
50 、The main benefit to this sidetrack is the Holy Avenger, an enchanted longsword that casts dispel magic.───就是有個(gè)魔法施放屬性啊。其他的再找找看。
51 、EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON SWARF|CARRYING OF SECTION MILLING CASING IN SIDETRACKED HORIZONTAL WELL───側(cè)鉆水平井套管段銑銑屑運(yùn)移實(shí)驗(yàn)研究
52 、Keywords complex fault block;reservoir potential;sidetrack horizontal well;development effect;───復(fù)雜斷塊;油層潛力;側(cè)鉆水平井;開(kāi)發(fā)效果;
53 、Sorry. I got sidetracked by a marlin.─── 抱歉 我被一條馬林魚(yú)分心了
54 、hang sidetrack drilling───懸空側(cè)鉆
55 、Well Completion Techniques for Medium-Short Radius Horizontal Wells Sidetracked in North Buzachi, Kazakhstan───哈薩克斯坦北布扎齊油田側(cè)鉆中短半徑水平井完井工藝技術(shù)
56 、A Technical Study for Production Testing in Sidetrack Drilling Well───側(cè)鉆井生產(chǎn)測(cè)試技術(shù)研究
57 、This technology can be used in the wellbore trajectory check survey,the drilling orientation,the sidetrack drilling open orientation and so on.───在吉林油田利用該儀器成功地進(jìn)行了老井復(fù)查、連續(xù)測(cè)斜儀數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證。
58 、there are times when given the opportunity we might get sidetrack and go along a path that leads us in the wrong direction.───[書(shū)上的翻譯是}有時(shí).雖然我們有機(jī)會(huì)(走正路).但我們也可能誤入歧途.走上錯(cuò)誤的道路.
59 、It is where you cognitively decide that you are going to work towards a goal and achieve that goal without being sidetracked by “instant” distractions.───在這種情形下,你憑感知來(lái)決定你要為實(shí)現(xiàn)某一目標(biāo)努力工作而不因“臨時(shí)”狀況而分心。
60 、"a bill that would sidetrack food irradiation in this country" (Alexis Beck)───“一份將阻礙該國(guó)食品發(fā)展的提案”(阿列克塞·貝克)
61 、Peter thought he would go to college right after high school, but he got sidetracked, he spent four years in the army first.───彼得原以為高中一畢業(yè)就可以去大學(xué)。可他完全走偏了。結(jié)果他的四年在軍隊(duì)里面度過(guò)了。
62 、We can't get sidetracked with public opinion.─── 我們不能受公眾*的影響
63 、Keywords branch horizontal well;path control;sidetrack drilling;well hole structure;drill string assembly;───分支水平井;軌跡控制;套管開(kāi)窗;井身結(jié)構(gòu);鉆具組合;
64 、A link to the page you are browsing and anything you selected are used to intelligently set the subject and body.A quick way to send AOL Mail from your browser, without getting sidetracked.───如果頁(yè)面有支援網(wǎng)頁(yè)快訊功能,在瀏覽器的右上角將會(huì)顯示綠色的網(wǎng)頁(yè)快訊圖示,而您將能夠輕松地將頁(yè)面加到我的最愛(ài)列中!
65 、They got sidetracked and attacked other cells.─── 但是它們轉(zhuǎn)而攻擊其它細(xì)胞
66 、The whales, first spotted Sunday in the lower Sacramento River, likely were on their northward migration from Mexico up the California coast when they were sidetracked, biologists said.───兩只鯨魚(yú)是在周日于沙加緬度河下游一帶首度被發(fā)現(xiàn),他們很可能是在從墨西哥沿加州海岸往北遷徙的過(guò)程中誤入歧途,生物學(xué)家說(shuō)。
67 、Drill Stem Dynamics Analysis and Application in Sidetracked Horizontal Wells───側(cè)鉆水平井鉆柱動(dòng)力學(xué)分析及應(yīng)用
68 、I tried to tell you this earlier but we got... sidetracked.─── 我之前想跟你說(shuō)來(lái)著 但被耽誤了
69 、sidetrack drilling───側(cè)鉆
70 、The last thing that I want to do is sidetrack you from from your dream.─── 我最不愿意的 就是影響你追尋你的夢(mèng)想
71 、Defects in and Advices for Liner Cementing Tools in Sidetrack Slim Wellbore───側(cè)鉆小井眼尾管固井工具存在問(wèn)題及改進(jìn)意見(jiàn)
72 、I'm not about to be the reason that your career gets sidetracked.─── 我不能成為 你職業(yè)生涯的絆腳石
73 、This paper mainly studies the technology of casing window and sidetrack drilling.It reaches some useful conclusions.───主要針對(duì)套管開(kāi)窗側(cè)鉆工藝進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)全面的研究總結(jié),得到了一些有用的結(jié)論。
74 、Some of Chrysler's creditors lodged objections to the plan, arguing that their interests have been sidetracked in order to expedite the deal.───克萊斯勒公司的部分債權(quán)人對(duì)這一計(jì)劃提出反對(duì)意見(jiàn),認(rèn)為他們的利益由于促成這筆交易而受到了忽視。
75 、Keywords sidetracked;horizontal well;casing milling;swarf;annular carrying;experimental study;───側(cè)鉆;水平井;套管開(kāi)窗;銑屑;環(huán)空運(yùn)移;實(shí)驗(yàn)研究;
76 、railway sidetrack agreement───[經(jīng)] 鐵道支線契約
77 、sidetracked easing───側(cè)鉆井套管
78 、Casing window and sidetrack drilling is an effective measure in improving the oil revcovery ratio by using abandoned well hole to dredge up the oilfield potential.───套管開(kāi)窗側(cè)鉆是一種有效利用油田老井眼,深入挖掘油藏開(kāi)發(fā)潛力,進(jìn)一步提高采收率的鉆井技術(shù)。
79 、Hiro and Ando get sidetracked in Vegas again.───與此同時(shí),日本男兩人組又去了拉斯維加斯。
80 、Warren adds, "stick to your business plan, it will invariably work, it is important not to get sidetracked.───華倫說(shuō):“按照你的生意規(guī)劃去做,一定會(huì)有效,不要這山望著那山高是重要的?!?/p>
81 、The principles &methods of type selection, optimum design of well trajectory , selection of sidetrack ways, design of drill strings &drilling fluid and completion design are introduced in this paper.───介紹了多底井、分支井類型選擇及井眼軌跡優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)、側(cè)鉆方式選擇、鉆柱設(shè)計(jì)、鉆井液設(shè)計(jì)和完井方式設(shè)計(jì)的原則和方法。
82 、sidetrack well───側(cè)鉆井
83 、Two time scoring champion, multiple all star player Tracy Mcgredy ,on of the greatest player I think in the NBA despite being sidetrack by injury through out his career .───兩屆得分王,全能全明星球員麥蒂,在NBA最杰出的球員之一,雖然在他的職業(yè)生涯中一直被傷病拖累著。
84 、Keywords sidetrack drilling branch horizontal well path contro make-up of string parameter;───側(cè)鉆;分支水平井;軌跡控制;鉆具組合;參數(shù);
85 、siding, sidetrack───側(cè)線, 旁軌
86 、In this world of fast paced communications, it's very easy to become sidetracked when it comes to finding our Enchanted Self.───在這個(gè)快溝通節(jié)奏的世界,在尋找自我時(shí),非常容易“偏離軌道”。
87 、He had just gotten sidetracked by thinking his money should make her happy when really his caring and understanding of her had been the source of her contentment.───當(dāng)他真心知道關(guān)愛(ài)和了解是滿足她的來(lái)源時(shí),他就不再認(rèn)為只有金錢(qián)才可以使她快樂(lè)。
88 、sidetracked horizontal well sectiom commpletion───側(cè)鉆水平井段完井
89 、He doesn't let himself sidetracked by fads and trends.───他不讓自己受到時(shí)髦和時(shí)尚東西的折騰。
90 、Keywords sidetrack well;directional well;horizontal well;track directional drilling;landing nipple without angle difference;───側(cè)鉆井;定向井;水平井;軌跡定向鉆進(jìn);無(wú)角差**接頭;
一日一詞:掉坑PITFALL
自現(xiàn)象級(jí)英語(yǔ)
PITFALL
1. 英英釋義:a problem or difficulty that is likely to happen in a particular job, course of action, or activity
例句:A used car is indeed a bargain, but there can be many pitfalls associated with the purchase of one.
2. 為什么選這個(gè)詞?
“pitfall”是可數(shù)名詞,意思都是“陷阱、隱患、坑”。這個(gè)詞由 pit 和 fall 兩部分組成,pit 本身有“深坑”的意思,而 fall 有“落下”的意思,就像一個(gè)人不小心掉進(jìn)坑里一樣,非常有畫(huà)面感,相信大家一下子就記住了。我們可以用 pitfall 來(lái)替換 danger 和 trap。下面通過(guò)生活中幾個(gè)常見(jiàn)場(chǎng)景來(lái)掌握這個(gè)單詞。
買(mǎi)二手車(chē)固然便宜,但其實(shí)里面有很多坑,就可以說(shuō):
A used car is indeed a bargain, but there can be many pitfalls associated with the purchase of one.
很多自由職業(yè)者喜歡在家辦公,因?yàn)榭梢怨?jié)省辦公室租金,節(jié)省通勤時(shí)間,但其實(shí)這里面也有很多坑,比如難以形成一種高效的工作習(xí)慣、很容易被家里的事情分散注意力,就可以說(shuō):
Many freelancers favor working at home because it saves rent and reduces commute time. However, pitfalls of this practice abound.
我們經(jīng)常會(huì)讀到“認(rèn)知缺陷”或“認(rèn)知陷阱”,對(duì)應(yīng)的英文就是 cognitive pitfalls。我們就可以這樣提醒自己:
We should be wary of cognitive pitfalls .
我?guī)啄昵伴_(kāi)始寫(xiě)公眾號(hào)是為了提醒其他人英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中一些常見(jiàn)的坑,就可以說(shuō):
I started to blog about English learning because I wanted to warn other English learners of common pitfalls .
3. 怎樣學(xué)會(huì)使用這個(gè)詞?
1)翻譯下面的句子:
一個(gè)律師的任務(wù)就是用自己的專業(yè)技能幫助客戶避開(kāi)法律中的坑。 (重點(diǎn):任務(wù)job,法律陷阱legal pitfalls)
A lawyer's job is to help clients to avoid legal pitfalls with his expertise.
A lawyer's job is to use his expertise to help his clients to avoid legal pitfalls.
造句:
例1:My father got his foot caught in a trap on a mountain road last Sunday. That explains why we should be wary of potential pitfalls on and off the road. 上周日上山被夾野兔的鐵圈套住了。出行須小心啊。
例2:Archives are adviced to factor in an emergency plan against disastrous pitfalls. 檔案館應(yīng)該考慮 備災(zāi)方案,防范未然。
例3:The police warned the passengers about the hidden pitfalls of pickpocketing. When sidetracked, they were prone to get stolen. 警方提醒旅客注意小偷。一不留神就可能失竊。
個(gè)人拓展:
多用復(fù)數(shù)的名詞:countable noun, usually plural
釋義:an unexpected danger or difficulty ; a problem, used especially about problems that may happen in the future
搭配:many/ common/ major/ potential pitfalls
legal/ cognitive pitfalls
fall into / avoid/ run into/ escape pitfalls
have both promise and pitfalls ; pitfalls or problems
背誦:
pitfall, danger, trap
We need to be alert to potential pitfalls.
We should be wary of cognitive pitfalls .
決策力并非與生俱來(lái)
有效管理的精髓全在于優(yōu)秀的決策機(jī)制。但不幸的是,決策力被看做是一種類似于勇氣的性格特質(zhì)。有些人就是能夠果斷扣動(dòng)扳機(jī)——例如出色的經(jīng)理人;而另一些人則做不到這一點(diǎn)——這幫猶豫不決的家伙們對(duì)于被迫接受自己行為的后果感到膽戰(zhàn)心驚。
然而,一些社會(huì)學(xué)家通過(guò)深入研究影響人們決策的心理和社會(huì)因素,正在顛覆上述看法。通過(guò)研究更好的決策機(jī)制,他們希望使決策不再像巫術(shù)那樣神秘,而是像木匠活那樣可被學(xué)習(xí)掌握。
斯坦福大學(xué)(Stanford)商學(xué)院教授奇普•希思(Chip Heath)和杜克大學(xué)(Duke University)社會(huì)企業(yè)發(fā)展研究中心研究員丹•希思(Dan Heath)倆兄弟合著了兩本出色的通俗社科書(shū)籍《讓創(chuàng)意更有粘性》(Made to Stick)以及《瞬變》(Switch)。他們的最新著作《決策:如何在生活和工作中更好抉擇》(Decisions: How to Make Better Choices in Life and Work)深入探討了決策領(lǐng)域的最新研究成果。
他們寫(xiě)道,“表現(xiàn)得堅(jiān)決果斷本身就是一種選擇。決策力是一種行為方式,而不是一種遺傳特征。它使我們能夠做出勇敢而自信的選擇,這不是因?yàn)槲覀冎雷约阂欢ㄕ_,而是因?yàn)閲L試并失敗要好過(guò)拖延和后悔。”
希思兄弟指出了阻礙有效決策的四大因素:第一點(diǎn)是視野狹隘(narrow framing),這限制了我們納入考慮的選擇范圍;第二點(diǎn)是證實(shí)傾向( confirmation bias),我們傾向于尋找能夠支撐自己現(xiàn)有想法的證據(jù);第三點(diǎn)是短期情緒(short-term emotion),它將隨著時(shí)間逐漸消退;最后一點(diǎn)是過(guò)度自信(overconfidence)。
希思兄弟提出了名為“WRAP”的四階段流程,依次針對(duì)解決阻礙決策的四大障礙。我們必須“拓寬自己的選擇空間”,避免非此即彼的簡(jiǎn)單決策。我們應(yīng)當(dāng)“把自己的假想放到現(xiàn)實(shí)中檢驗(yàn)”,以確保我們的決策是建立在事實(shí)而非偏見(jiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上。我們還應(yīng)“在決策之前減少情緒干擾”,或者在面臨重大決策時(shí),要留出一段時(shí)間來(lái)考慮,而不能讓自己被當(dāng)下的情緒所左右。最后我們必須做好“出錯(cuò)的準(zhǔn)備”,因?yàn)橛泻艽罂赡芪覀兇_實(shí)會(huì)犯錯(cuò)。
希思兄弟很有說(shuō)服力地指出,糟糕的決策機(jī)制隨處可見(jiàn)。以招聘 面試 為例。當(dāng)前的通行做法不是讓候選人嘗試執(zhí)行招聘方希望他們 入職 后履行的具體任務(wù),而是讓候選人坐在一間屋子里,通過(guò)提問(wèn)來(lái)判斷他們是否具備履行職責(zé)的能力。書(shū)中寫(xiě)道,“想象一下,假如美國(guó)奧運(yùn)會(huì)田徑隊(duì)的教練在篩選參加4x100接力賽的隊(duì)員時(shí)使用了兩種測(cè)試 方法 。其一是讓運(yùn)動(dòng)員在跑道上比賽誰(shuí)跑得更快。其二是在一間會(huì)議室里面試運(yùn)動(dòng)員,以判斷他回答問(wèn)題的方式是否像個(gè)飛毛腿。”
希思兄弟表示,人們還經(jīng)常過(guò)于倉(cāng)促地做出決定。而我們真正應(yīng)當(dāng)做的是,在做出決策并貫徹執(zhí)行之前進(jìn)行一些小試驗(yàn),以檢驗(yàn)自己的想法是否正確。
希思兄弟書(shū)中的許多觀點(diǎn),與哈佛商學(xué)院(Harvard Business School)教授弗朗西斯卡•吉諾(Francesca Gino)的觀點(diǎn)相呼應(yīng)。吉諾在《偏離:決策為何脫軌,以及如何貫徹既定方案》(Sidetracked: Why Our Decisions Get Derailed, and How We Can Stick to the Plan)一書(shū)中寫(xiě)道,假如我們能夠意識(shí)到自身決策所受到的各種奇怪影響,我們就能更好地掌控它們。
例如,絕大多數(shù)人傾向于高估自身的才干和能力。如果讓我們給自己的素質(zhì)打分,包括決策能力以及外表吸引力等多個(gè)方面,絕大多數(shù)人會(huì)認(rèn)為自身?xiàng)l件高于平均水平。我們眼中的自己好于我們的實(shí)際表現(xiàn)。諸如此類的心理傾向正是妨礙我們做出正確決定的罪魁禍?zhǔn)住?/p>
相對(duì)于免費(fèi)得到的意見(jiàn),我們更傾向于聽(tīng)從付費(fèi)以后得到的建議,不論這些觀點(diǎn)本身的質(zhì)量如何。為了獲得建議而付費(fèi)的行為使我們變得更加容易輕信,這一事實(shí)被要價(jià)高昂的咨詢師們加以利用。
但是一旦你理解了人類心理的這些傾向,你就可以利用它們來(lái)說(shuō)服別人。賓館現(xiàn)已發(fā)現(xiàn),在告知賓客其他人也在重復(fù)使用毛巾的情況下,毛巾的使用率比僅僅提示賓客重復(fù)使用毛巾有利于保護(hù)環(huán)境時(shí)要高出不少。
對(duì)于我們認(rèn)為其他人希望我們會(huì)做的事情,我們總是傾向于做得更多,不論是好事還是壞事。在某些情況下,模仿我們所信任和尊敬的人完全合理。但實(shí)驗(yàn)所揭示出的令人擔(dān)憂的事實(shí)是,即使我們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己與他人之間僅僅存在極小的相似性,且不論與我們當(dāng)前的決策是否相關(guān),都會(huì)影響到我們的行為方式。如果我們發(fā)現(xiàn)某人的出生月份或者名字與我們相同,我們模仿此人行為的概率都會(huì)上升。挖掘共同點(diǎn),不論多么牽強(qiáng),是每個(gè)優(yōu)秀推銷員都知道的小技巧。
與希思兄弟類似,吉諾教授針對(duì)決策偏差提出的解決方案是——淡化個(gè)人色彩,使決策過(guò)程客觀化。我們必須注意控制自己的情緒,通過(guò)不斷采納他人建議來(lái)調(diào)整我們看問(wèn)題的視角,豐富我們的選擇空間,并且從當(dāng)事另一方的角度看問(wèn)題。我們需要探尋自己信息偏倚和心理偏見(jiàn)的根源。我們還必須不斷思考一個(gè)決策是否能被重構(gòu)以實(shí)現(xiàn)我們的目標(biāo)。
吉諾教授舉了1912年西奧多•羅斯福(Theodore Roosevelt)競(jìng)選團(tuán)隊(duì)負(fù)責(zé)人的例子。當(dāng)時(shí)競(jìng)選團(tuán)隊(duì)印制了300萬(wàn)份附有一張羅斯福照片的手冊(cè),但這張照片本身卻未獲得攝影師授權(quán)。負(fù)責(zé)人沒(méi)有把自己放在聽(tīng)?wèi){攝影師擺布的地位,而是給對(duì)方發(fā)去了一封電報(bào),聲稱:“我們計(jì)劃發(fā)放幾百萬(wàn)份封面印有羅斯福照片的小冊(cè)子。對(duì)于入選圖片的工作室而言,這將是一個(gè)提高知名度的大好機(jī)會(huì)。如果我們選擇你所拍攝的照片,你愿意付給我們多少錢(qián)?請(qǐng)盡快回復(fù)。”興高采烈的攝影師回電表示愿意支付250美元。問(wèn)題經(jīng)過(guò)了重構(gòu),并得到了圓滿的結(jié)果。
丹尼斯•巴基(Dennis Bakke)是Imagine Schools的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人以及美國(guó)愛(ài)依斯電力公司(AES)的前任首席執(zhí)行官。巴基認(rèn)為,決策權(quán)的下放是一種很有力的管理方法。絕大多數(shù)時(shí)候管理層都把決策權(quán)牢牢攥在手中,因?yàn)樗麄冇X(jué)得這樣才與自己的地位和薪酬水平相符。但在他最新的商業(yè)**《決策者》(The Decision Maker)中,他指出應(yīng)讓公司上下更多的人參與到?jīng)Q策過(guò)程中來(lái)。
巴基將**的背景設(shè)在一家老式制造企業(yè)。公司的經(jīng)營(yíng)狀況僅夠勉強(qiáng)維持,工人們對(duì)自己的工作感到毫無(wú)樂(lè)趣。當(dāng)新任管理層安裝了一臺(tái)彈珠游戲機(jī)以提升士氣時(shí),雇員們紛紛暗中偷笑。
新任管理層隨后決定采取一項(xiàng)大膽舉措:放棄自身的決策權(quán),并引入被巴基稱為是“決策者流程”的機(jī)制。按照該流程,當(dāng)一個(gè)問(wèn)題出現(xiàn)時(shí),一家機(jī)構(gòu)的**必須首先決定將由誰(shuí)來(lái)做出決策。所選的“決策者”必須是熟悉該問(wèn)題并且了解其背景的人。如果問(wèn)題與某個(gè)制造環(huán)節(jié)有關(guān),那么決策者就應(yīng)是每天與該環(huán)節(jié)打交道的人,而非某位從不下到生產(chǎn)車(chē)間的高高在上的經(jīng)理。
接下來(lái),被選中的決策者必須征求其他人意見(jiàn),以確保所作決策能夠得到事實(shí)證據(jù)以及多種視角的支持。最終,決策者必須做出決定。
按照巴基的描述,這套流程的實(shí)施過(guò)程可以說(shuō)得上是驚心動(dòng)魄。經(jīng)理們一想到將要失去控制權(quán)就感到害怕。而突然被賦予了如此重大的責(zé)任則讓員工們感到頭暈?zāi)垦?。但隨著時(shí)間的推移,這一機(jī)制使員工形成了更強(qiáng)的主人翁意識(shí),更愿意與人分享知識(shí),并最終提高了決策的質(zhì)量。
以上三位作者都提到了共同的一點(diǎn):在我們的生活和工作中都有需要優(yōu)先完成的核心事務(wù),我們所做的決策決定了我們是將實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)還是失敗。好消息是,改進(jìn)決策流程是我們每一個(gè)人都能做到的事。(譯者/馬拉)